Presume - определение. Что такое Presume
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Что (кто) такое Presume - определение

PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE IN WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL HOLDS A PROPOSITION OR PREMISE TO BE TRUE
Belief system; Beliefs; Religious beliefs; Belief systems; Collective belief; Religious Beliefs; Dispositional and occurrent belief; Occurrent belief; Dispositional belief; True justified belief; Systems of religious and spiritual belief; Belief in; Belief-in; Believe in; Justified True Belief; Unbelief; Nature of belief; Presume
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  • We are influenced by many factors that ripple through our minds as our beliefs form, evolve, and may eventually change.
  •  Philosopher Jonathan Glover warns that belief systems are like whole boats in the water; it is extremely difficult to alter them all at once (for example, it may be too stressful, or people may maintain their biases without realizing it).<ref name=BitesGlover/>
  • Socio-demographic correlates of witchcraft beliefs<ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0276872"/>

Presume         
·vt To assume or take beforehand; ·esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained.
II. Presume ·vi To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by anticipation; to Infer; as, we may presume too far.
III. Presume ·vt To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for granted; to Infer; to Suppose.
IV. Presume ·vi To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties;
- often with on or upon before the ground of confidence.
presume         
(presumes, presuming, presumed)
1.
If you presume that something is the case, you think that it is the case, although you are not certain.
I presume you're here on business...
Dido's told you the whole sad story, I presume?...
'Had he been home all week?'-'I presume so.'
...areas that have been presumed to be safe...
The missing person is presumed dead.
= assume
VERB: V that, V that, V so, be V-ed to-inf, be V-ed adj
2.
If you say that someone presumes to do something, you mean that they do it even though they have no right to do it. (FORMAL)
They're resentful that outsiders presume to meddle in their affairs...
VERB: V to-inf
3.
If an idea, theory, or plan presumes certain facts, it regards them as true so that they can be used as a basis for further ideas and theories. (FORMAL)
The legal definition of 'know' often presumes mental control...
The arrangement presumes that both lenders and borrowers are rational.
VERB: V n, V that
presume         
v. (formal)
1) (d; intr.) to presume on, upon (to presume upon smb.'s good nature)
2) (E) I will not presume to give you advice
3) (L) we can presume that she will return
4) (M) we must presume her to be innocent
5) (N; used with an adjective) we must presume her innocent; she must be presumed innocent until proven guilty

Википедия

Belief

A belief is a subjective attitude that something or proposition is true. In epistemology, philosophers use the term "belief" to refer to attitudes about the world which can be either true or false. To believe something is to take it to be true; for instance, to believe that snow is white is comparable to accepting the truth of the proposition "snow is white". However, holding a belief does not require active introspection. For example, few carefully consider whether or not the sun will rise tomorrow, simply assuming that it will. Moreover, beliefs need not be occurrent (e.g. a person actively thinking "snow is white"), but can instead be dispositional (e.g. a person who if asked about the color of snow would assert "snow is white").

There are various ways that contemporary philosophers have tried to describe beliefs, including as representations of ways that the world could be (Jerry Fodor), as dispositions to act as if certain things are true (Roderick Chisholm), as interpretive schemes for making sense of someone's actions (Daniel Dennett and Donald Davidson), or as mental states that fill a particular function (Hilary Putnam). Some have also attempted to offer significant revisions to our notion of belief, including eliminativists about belief who argue that there is no phenomenon in the natural world which corresponds to our folk psychological concept of belief (Paul Churchland) and formal epistemologists who aim to replace our bivalent notion of belief ("either we have a belief or we don't have a belief") with the more permissive, probabilistic notion of credence ("there is an entire spectrum of degrees of belief, not a simple dichotomy between belief and non-belief").

Beliefs are the subject of various important philosophical debates. Notable examples include: "What is the rational way to revise one's beliefs when presented with various sorts of evidence?", "Is the content of our beliefs entirely determined by our mental states, or do the relevant facts have any bearing on our beliefs (e.g. if I believe that I'm holding a glass of water, is the non-mental fact that water is H2O part of the content of that belief)?", "How fine-grained or coarse-grained are our beliefs?", and "Must it be possible for a belief to be expressible in language, or are there non-linguistic beliefs?".

Примеры употребления для Presume
1. If the masterpieces of Busby, Wilds and Burton do not presume to offend his work, why should he presume to offend theirs?
2. No one from the outside can presume to prescribe solutions.
3. We presume our invite for that one‘s in the post?
4. The burn unit staff presume it was done on purpose.
5. MCCORMACK:В Charlie, I would never, never presume - QUESTION:В (Inaudible.) MR.